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BOUNDARY CHANGES IN RECONSTRUCTED EUROPE
THE PEACE TREATIES
THE NEW BOUNDARIES OF EUROPE are fixed principally by five major treaties, drafted by the Paris Peace Conference, between the Allied and Associated Powers and the former enemy nations, as follows:
With Germany: Treaty of Versailles, June 28,1919.
With Austria: Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye, Sept. 10, 1919.
With Bulgaria: Treaty of Neuilly, Nov. 27, 1919.
With Hungary: Treaty of Trianon, June 4,1920.
With Turkey: Treaty of Sevres, Aug. 10, 1920.
Many other treaties and decisions of the Supreme Council and the League of Nations, have settled boundary disputes not disposed of by the five principal treaties.
OLD NATIONS CHANGED BY THE WAR
BELGIUM
1. Four small adjacent districts (Moresnet, Enpen, part of Montjoie, Malmedy) to Belgium from Germany
2. Alsace-Lorraine restored to France by Germany.
GERMANY
3. Basin of Sarre River: coal to France; governed by League of Nations for 15 years; plebiscite in 1935.
4. Zone of the Rhine: occupation by the Allies ceases in 1935.
5. Helgoland island: fortfications to be destroyed by Germany.
6. East Prussia, separated from rest of Germany by Poland and Danzig
DENMARK
7. Part of Schleswig, to Denmark from Germany by plebiscite, Feb. 10, 1920.
AUSTRIA
8. Part of former Austrian Empire left to the new Republic of Austria
9. Ceded by Hungarian Kingdom to the Republic of Austria.
HUNGARY
11. Trentino, to Italy from Austria.
12. Gorizia and Istria, to Italy from Austria.
13. Zara and certain Dalmatian Islands, formerly Austrian, to Italy by treaty with Jugo-slavia.
14. Island of Rhodes, to Italy from Turkey.
RUMANIA
15. Transylvania and part of Banat of Temesvar, to Rumania from Hungarian Kingdom.
16. Bukovina, to Rumania from Austrian Empire.
17. Bessarabia, to Rumania from Russia.
BULGARIA
18. Small territory ceded to Bulgaria by Turkey, 1915.
GREECE
19. A large and a small section of Thrace, ceded to Greece by Bulgaria.
20. Part of Thrace and islands of Imbros and Tenedos, acquired by Turkey from Greece.
21. Dodecanese islands except Rhodes, and area around Smyrna, acquired by Turkey from Greece.
22. Part of Epirus'to Greece, from Albania.
ALBANIA
23. The new nation of Albania, independent of Turkey since 1912.
24. Territory left to Turkey-in-Europe.
RUSSIA
25. Russia in Europe and the Ukraine, more or less under Soviet control. Boundaries of Georgia and other territories under Soviet influence not delimited.
NEW NATIONS CREATED OR RESTORED BY THE WAR
CZECHO-SLOVAKIA
26. Bohemia, Moravia, parts of Teschen and Lower Austria, to Czechoslovakia from former Austrian Empire.
27. Slovakia, Ruthenia, and additional small districts, to Czechoslovakia from Hungary.
28. Small portion of Upper Silesia, to Czechoslovakia from Germany.
JUGO-SLAVIA
29. Former kingdom of Serbia, now part of Jugo-slavia.
30. Former kingdom of Montenegro, now part of Jugo-slavia.
31. Bosnia, Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, and parts of Dalmatia and other Austro-Hungarian territories, to Jugoslavia, from Austria and Hungary.
32. Four small districts ceded to Jugo-slavia by Bulgaria.
FIUME
33. Independent State of Fiume, by Italian Jugo-slav treaty. Area 8 sq.mi.
POLAND
34. Former Russian territories restored and awarded to Poland.
35. Galicia, restored to Poland by Austria.
36. Two small districts of former Hungary awarded to Poland.
37. Parts of Posen, West Prussia, East Prussia and Silesia, restored to Poland by Germany. Part of Upper Silesia also claimed by Poland.
DANZIG
38. Free City of Danzig, in single customs territory with Poland. Area 709 square miles.
MEMEL
39. Small area ceded to Lithuania.
LITHUANIA
40. Republic of Lithuania, created from former Russian Provinces.
LATVIA
41. Republic of Latvia, created from former Russian provinces.
ESTHONIA
42. Republic of Esthonia. created from former Russian provinces.
FINLAND
43. Former Russian Grand Duchy of Finland, constituting larger part of new Republic of Finland. Includes Aland Islands, claimed by Sweden but awarded to Finland, 1921.
44. Petsanio province, giving access to Arctic Ocean, ceded to Finland by Soviet Russia, 1920.
NATIONS DISAPPEARING FROM THE MAP SINCE 1914.
AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN MONARCHY, comprising the Austrian Empire, the Hungarian Kingdom, and joint possessions of the "Dual Monarchy." The new Austrian Republic and the Hungarian Kingdom are entirely distinct from each other.
MONTENEGRO, now part of Jugo-slavia.
SERBIA, united with Montenegro and former Austro-Hungarian territories, to form the "Serb, Croat and Slovene State," or "Jugoslavia"—the country of the southern Slavs.
NATIONS NOT CHANGED TERRITORIALLY BY THE WAR
Andorra, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg (customs formalities abolished and railroads consolidated with Belgium—replacing former German protection), Monaco, Netherlands (Holland), Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.